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All three languages, asp, aspnet and php are server side programming language, meaning they run on the server and gives an output that the user views on his pc's browser.

Now which language you should use depends on what you are doing and what type of hosting you are using. The language asp comes with windows hosting and aspnet also come with windows hosting but that is newer that asp. On the other hand php come with linux hosting. However php also comes with windows hosting. So you can get all three on windows and php is common on linux.

In general aspnet has more functionality than asp. For example it has built in functionality to do things that asp would require additional dlls to do. On the other had php might require additional modules to perform such task. Example of such functionality are image manipulation, file uploading etc.

So if I am learing programming now, i would start with aspnet if I have a windows host or php if I am on linux. To make it sound simple, its more like, if you know one you can learn the others without much effort.